Hallmarks of Fascism

![[Hallmarks of Fascism 01.png]] In times of political upheaval, recognizing patterns of democratic decline is crucial—but so is understanding the alternative that often emerges. This page complements the **Pillars of Democracy** by outlining the **Hallmarks of Fascism**, identifying the authoritarian tendencies that threaten democratic institutions. From ultranationalism and suppression of dissent to propaganda and the erosion of rights, these warning signs provide a focused lens through which to assess modern political movements. By examining these hallmarks, we can better understand the forces at play and remain vigilant in defending democracy. ### The List | **Hallmark** | **Description** | Threat | | ----------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | ------------------------------------------------------------------- | | **Ultranationalism** | Glorifies the nation or race above all else, often with xenophobic or racist undertones. | [[Hallmarks of Fascism#**Ultranationalism**\|3]] | | **Authoritarianism** | A centralized, dictatorial government that suppresses opposition and controls political life. | [[Hallmarks of Fascism#Authoritarianism\| 4]] | | **Militarism and Violence** | Emphasizes military power, war, and the use of violence to maintain order and suppress enemies. | [[Hallmarks of Fascism#**Militarism and Violence**\| 2]] | | **Cult of the Leader** | The leader is idolized as an infallible figure who embodies the will of the people. | [[Hallmarks of Fascism#**Cult of the Leader**\| 4]] | | **Suppression of Dissent** | Opposition parties, free press, and political criticism are banned or heavily censored. | [[Hallmarks of Fascism#**Suppression of Dissent**\| 3]] | | **State-Controlled or Aligned Economy** | The economy is regulated to serve nationalist, oligarchic, and militaristic goals while maintaining private property. | [[Hallmarks of Fascism#**State-Controlled or Aligned Economy**\|4]] | | **Mass Mobilization and Propaganda** | Extensive use of propaganda, mass rallies, and media control to manipulate public opinion. | [[Hallmarks of Fascism#**Mass Mobilization and Propaganda** \| 4]] | | **Anti-Democratic and Anti-Liberalism** | Rejection of democracy, individual rights, and pluralism in favor of state power and collectivist identity. | [[Hallmarks of Fascism#**Anti-Democratic and Anti-Liberalism**\|3]] | | **Scapegoating and Persecution** | Blames minorities, political opponents, or outsiders for societal problems, often leading to discrimination or violence. | [[Hallmarks of Fascism#**Scapegoating and Persecution**\|4]] | | **Social Hierarchy and Traditionalism** | Promotes rigid social structures, patriarchy, and traditional values to maintain order. | [[Hallmarks of Fascism#**Social Hierarchy and Traditionalism**\|3]] | --- --- ## **Ultranationalism** >[!WARNING] **THREAT!** > Former President Donald Trump's actions and rhetoric have exhibited characteristics of ultranationalism, emphasizing an aggressive form of nationalism that prioritizes the interests of the United States above all else. Key examples include: > > 1. **"America First" Doctrine**: Trump's "America First" policy underscores a commitment to U.S. interests, often at the expense of international cooperation. This approach has led to strained relationships with traditional allies and a departure from multilateral agreements. ([en.wikipedia.org](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/America_First_%28policy%29?utm_source=chatgpt.com)) > > 2. **Trade Protectionism**: Implementing significant tariffs on imports from countries like Canada, Mexico, and China, Trump aimed to bolster domestic industries. While intended to protect American jobs, these measures have been criticized for increasing consumer prices and disrupting global trade. ([theatlantic.com](https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2025/02/price-america-trump-tariffs/681546/?utm_source=chatgpt.com)) > > 1. **Territorial Expansion Ambitions**: Trump has expressed interest in acquiring territories such as Greenland and reasserting U.S. control over the Panama Canal. These aspirations reflect a desire to expand American influence and resources, reminiscent of historical expansionist policies. ([newyorker.com](https://www.newyorker.com/news/q-and-a/the-historical-roots-of-donald-trumps-aggressive-nationalism?utm_source=chatgpt.com)) > > 2. **Militaristic Foreign Policy**: Adopting a forceful approach in international relations, Trump has utilized economic threats and assertive rhetoric to achieve U.S. objectives. This strategy emphasizes American strength and a willingness to act unilaterally. ([apnews.com](https://apnews.com/article/1f811090734a9589936763151363e7ba?utm_source=chatgpt.com)) > > 3. **Admiration for Historical Nationalist Figures**: Trump has aligned himself with past U.S. presidents known for their nationalist and expansionist policies, such as Andrew Jackson and William McKinley. This alignment underscores his commitment to a vision of American greatness rooted in assertive nationalism. ([newyorker.com](https://www.newyorker.com/news/q-and-a/the-historical-roots-of-donald-trumps-aggressive-nationalism?utm_source=chatgpt.com)) > > These actions and perspectives highlight Trump's ultranationalist stance, characterized by a focus on national sovereignty, economic protectionism, and a readiness to challenge international norms to prioritize perceived American interests. [[Hallmarks of Fascism#The List|Back to Hallmarks]] --- ## **Authoritarianism** > [!WARNING] **THREAT!** > Former President Donald Trump's actions and rhetoric have exhibited characteristics commonly associated with authoritarianism, raising concerns about the erosion of democratic norms in the United States. Key examples include: > > 1. **Consolidation of Executive Power**: Upon returning to office, Trump issued a series of executive orders targeting undocumented immigrants, canceling federal diversity programs, and removing anti-corruption inspectors. These actions were perceived as a power grab from Congress, with legal challenges forcing some strategies to retreat. Experts warn that Trump's aggressive approach could result in significant long-term changes to the structure and independence of the U.S. government. ([theguardian.com](https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2025/feb/01/trump-executive-order-power-grab?utm_source=chatgpt.com)) > > 2. **Disregard for Constitutional Norms**: Trump's recent executive actions have elicited strong condemnation from legal experts and scholars, who claim he has shown unprecedented disregard for the U.S. Constitution and federal laws. Trump's rapid series of controversial moves include banning birthright citizenship, firing 18 inspectors general without the required notification to Congress, freezing federal spending, and dismissing confirmed members of independent federal boards. ([theguardian.com](https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2025/feb/01/trump-executive-orders-constitution-law?utm_source=chatgpt.com)) > > 1. **Targeting Marginalized Communities**: The Trump administration has issued multiple executive orders targeting diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) programs, gender-affirming care, trans rights in prisons, military service for trans individuals, and funding for education. Legal challenges and temporary stays have been issued against some of these orders, with significant battles expected in the courts. ([them.us](https://www.them.us/story/everything-that-happened-in-anti-trans-legislation-this-week-january-24-31?utm_source=chatgpt.com)) > > 2. **Politicization of the Justice Department**: The Trump administration has initiated extensive cuts at the U.S. Justice Department, affecting several career FBI officials. These dismissals target personnel involved in the January 6 Capitol attack investigation. The cuts have sparked concern from the FBI Agents Association, warning that it could undermine national security and the FBI's function. ([reuters.com](https://www.reuters.com/world/us/fbi-launches-wide-ranging-round-cuts-sources-say-2025-01-31/?utm_source=chatgpt.com)) > > 3. **Rhetoric Suggesting Authoritarian Intentions**: In a recorded television interview, Trump stated he would be a dictator only on "day one" of his presidency, a comment that sparked discussion about its meaning and possible consequences. ([en.wikipedia.org](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_2024_presidential_campaign?utm_source=chatgpt.com)) > > These actions and statements have led scholars and commentators to describe Trump's political style as authoritarian populism, characterized by a centralization of power, undermining of democratic institutions, and the targeting of marginalized communities. ([news.berkeley.edu](https://news.berkeley.edu/2025/01/21/theres-a-term-for-trumps-political-style-authoritarian-populism/?utm_source=chatgpt.com)) > [[Hallmarks of Fascism#The List|Back to Hallmarks]] --- ## **Militarism and Violence** > [!WARNING] **THREAT!** > Former President Donald Trump's actions and rhetoric have often been characterized by a glorification of militarism and an endorsement of violence, raising concerns about their impact on American political culture. Key instances include: > > 1. **Advocacy for Military Action Against Drug Cartels**: Trump has proposed designating Mexican drug cartels as terrorist organizations, a move that would grant the U.S. government expanded powers to impose economic sanctions, restrict travel, and potentially launch military actions against these groups. This approach reflects a militaristic strategy to address criminal activities, emphasizing the use of force over diplomatic solutions. ([wired.com](https://www.wired.com/story/trump-executive-order-mexico-drug-cartels-terrorist-organizations?utm_source=chatgpt.com)) > > 2. **Public Endorsement of Violence**: Throughout his political career, Trump has made numerous statements that appear to incite or praise violence. For example, during a 2017 speech to police officers, he suggested they should not be "too nice" when arresting suspects, a remark that was widely interpreted as encouraging police brutality. Such comments have been criticized for potentially fostering a culture of violence and undermining the rule of law. ([theatlantic.com](https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2024/10/trump-violent-rhetoric-timeline/680403/?utm_source=chatgpt.com)) > > 1. **Militaristic Rhetoric in Political Discourse**: Trump has frequently employed aggressive and violent language in his political rhetoric. He has called for harsh measures against perceived enemies, including suggesting that shoplifters should be shot and referring to political opponents as threats to the nation. This use of combative language contributes to a climate of hostility and division. ([theatlantic.com](https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2024/10/trump-violent-rhetoric-timeline/680403/?utm_source=chatgpt.com)) > > 2. **Use of Military Force in Domestic Affairs**: During his presidency, Trump advocated for the deployment of military forces in response to domestic protests, particularly during the civil unrest following the death of George Floyd. This inclination to use military power in civilian contexts reflects a preference for forceful solutions to social issues, a hallmark of militaristic governance. ([theguardian.com](https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2020/jun/07/trump-firepower-aimed-at-own-people-george-floyd?utm_source=chatgpt.com)) > > 3. **Glorification of Military Strength**: In various speeches, Trump has emphasized the importance of military power and has celebrated military figures and actions. For instance, during his 2018 State of the Union address, he highlighted plans to expand the U.S. military and reiterated his commitment to maintaining a strong defense posture. This focus on military prowess underscores his valorization of force as a primary tool of policy. ([presstv.ir](https://www.presstv.ir/Detail/2018/02/01/550899/US-Trump-SOTU-Ron-Paul-militarism-Guantanamo?utm_source=chatgpt.com)) > > These actions and statements illustrate a pattern of glorifying militarism and endorsing violence, contributing to concerns about their influence on democratic norms and the potential erosion of civil discourse in the United States. [[Hallmarks of Fascism#The List|Back to Hallmarks]] --- ## **Cult of the Leader** > [!WARNING] **THREAT!** > Former President Donald Trump has cultivated a significant cult of personality, characterized by unwavering loyalty from his supporters and a portrayal of himself as an indispensable leader. Key strategies contributing to this phenomenon include: > > 1. **Charismatic Self-Presentation**: Trump's self-representation as a non-politician and successful businessman has resonated with many Americans. His messaging often emphasizes his role as a savior of the nation, creating a clear "us versus them" narrative that fosters a strong personal connection with his base. ([en.wikipedia.org](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trumpism?utm_source=chatgpt.com)) > > 2. **Religious Symbolism and Rhetoric**: Trump has been embraced by certain evangelical groups, with some supporters viewing him as a divinely chosen figure. This intertwining of religious fervor with political allegiance has deepened the personal loyalty of his followers. ([nymag.com](https://nymag.com/intelligencer/article/maga-god-religion-donald-trump.html?utm_campaign=feed-part&utm_medium=social_acct&utm_source=chatgpt.com)) > > 1. **Media Spectacle and Public Imagery**: Utilizing his experience in television and media, Trump has crafted a public image that captivates audiences. Events like his rallies are designed to showcase his persona, reinforcing his larger-than-life image and solidifying his central role in the movement. ([elpais.com](https://elpais.com/opinion/2025-01-24/el-mundo-feliz-de-donald-trump.html?utm_source=chatgpt.com)) > > 2. **Narratives of Personal Sacrifice and Destiny**: Trump's rhetoric often includes themes of personal sacrifice and destiny, suggesting that he is uniquely qualified to lead the nation. This narrative fosters a sense of indebtedness and exclusive trust among his supporters. ([theguardian.com](https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2025/jan/26/trumps-inauguration-was-a-glimpse-of-what-is-to-come?utm_source=chatgpt.com)) > > These strategies have effectively built a personality cult around Trump, where his personal identity is deeply intertwined with the political beliefs and identities of his supporters. [[Hallmarks of Fascism#The List|Back to Hallmarks]] --- ## **Suppression of Dissent** > [!WARNING] **THREAT!** > President Donald Trump's actions have raised significant concerns about suppressing dissent and undermining democratic principles in the United States. Key areas where his policies and conduct have been perceived as suppressing dissent include: > > 1. **Targeting Media Organizations**: Trump and his allies have initiated numerous lawsuits against media outlets critical of him, such as the *Des Moines Register* and ABC News. These legal actions, seeking substantial damages, have the potential to financially cripple these organizations and create a chilling effect, deterring them from publishing critical content due to the threat of costly litigation. ([theguardian.com](https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2024/dec/21/trump-media-assault-silence-criticism?utm_source=chatgpt.com)) > > 2. **Silencing Government Officials**: In January 2025, the Trump administration placed approximately 60 senior career officials at the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) on administrative leave. This move, described by some former officials as a "Monday afternoon massacre," appeared aimed at suppressing internal dissent regarding significant changes to U.S. foreign aid policies. The action created a "massive chilling effect" within the agency, discouraging staff from voicing concerns or opposing the administration's directives. ([reuters.com](https://www.reuters.com/world/us/purge-usaid-stifles-dissent-over-aid-freeze-officials-say-2025-01-28/?utm_source=chatgpt.com)) > > 1. **Restricting Environmental Activism**: In response to Trump's declaration of an "energy emergency" to expand fossil fuel production, climate activists have expressed concerns about potential repression and violence from the administration. Anticipating increased suppression of environmental protests, activists are preparing to adapt their strategies, recognizing the need for thorough training in nonviolent methods and conflict de-escalation to continue their advocacy under heightened scrutiny. ([teenvogue.com](https://www.teenvogue.com/story/trump-climate-change-activists?utm_source=chatgpt.com)) > > 2. **Crackdown on Student Protests**: On the first day of Trump's administration, an incident at the University of California, San Diego (UCSD), highlighted efforts to suppress student dissent. During a rally advocating for Palestinian liberation, university administrators, under the watchful gaze of newly installed surveillance cameras, threatened to call the police when students attempted to use a microphone to amplify their voices. This action exemplifies the administration's broader approach to stifling protest and free expression on campuses. ([ucsdguardian.org](https://ucsdguardian.org/2025/01/28/suppressing-dissent-ucsd-administrations-crackdown-on-student-protests-under-trump/?utm_source=chatgpt.com)) > > 3. **Proposed Expansion of Executive Power**: Trump's proposals for a radical expansion of executive authority include measures that could limit First Amendment freedoms, increase surveillance of Americans, and undermine democratic institutions. These proposals raise concerns about the potential for increased suppression of dissent through enhanced governmental powers. ([aclu.org](https://www.aclu.org/news/civil-liberties/how-trumps-proposed-radical-expansion-of-executive-power-will-impact-our-freedoms?utm_source=chatgpt.com)) > > These actions collectively represent a significant departure from established democratic norms, raising alarms about the potential erosion of free expression and the suppression of dissent within the United States. [[Hallmarks of Fascism#The List|Back to Hallmarks]] --- ## State-Controlled or Aligned Economy > [!WARNING] **THREAT!** > Former President Donald Trump's economic policies have exhibited elements that align with state-controlled or state-aligned economic principles, reflecting a departure from traditional free-market approaches. Key areas where his administration has reinforced such economic control include: > > 1. **Trade Protectionism**: Trump's imposition of significant tariffs on imports from countries such as Canada, Mexico, and China—25% on Canada and Mexico, and an additional 10% on China—aimed to protect domestic industries. These actions represent a direct government intervention in the market, influencing trade flows and market dynamics. > [marketwatch.com](https://www.marketwatch.com/story/trump-set-to-launch-world-trade-war-leaving-investors-to-pay-the-chaos-premium-95f2eb35?utm_source=chatgpt.com) > > 2. **Infrastructure Investment Strategy**: The administration's approach to infrastructure development emphasized leveraging private capital alongside public funds, treating infrastructure as an asset class for institutional investors. This strategy reflects a state-aligned economic model, where the government plays a central role in directing economic development through public-private partnerships. > [en.wikipedia.org](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrastructure-based_development?utm_source=chatgpt.com) > > 3. **Energy Policy and "Energy Dominance"**: Trump's energy policy focused on achieving "energy dominance" by maximizing the production of fossil fuels for domestic use and export. This approach involved significant government support and deregulation to bolster specific sectors of the economy, aligning with state-controlled economic practices. > [en.wikipedia.org](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrastructure-based_development?utm_source=chatgpt.com) > > 4. **Influence on Federal Budget and Spending**: The administration's efforts to reduce government spending and regulations, led by figures like Russell Vought and Elon Musk, involved significant restructuring of federal agencies and budget allocations. These actions reflect a centralized approach to economic management, characteristic of a state-aligned economy. > [wsj.com](https://www.wsj.com/politics/policy/russell-vought-elon-musk-federal-budget-doge-670cd727?utm_source=chatgpt.com) > > These policies illustrate a pattern of increased government intervention and alignment with specific economic sectors, reinforcing elements of a state-controlled or state-aligned economy during Trump's tenure. [[Hallmarks of Fascism#The List|Back to Hallmarks]] --- ## **Mass Mobilization and Propaganda** > [!WARNING] **THREAT!** > Former President Donald Trump has effectively utilized mass mobilization and propaganda to galvanize his base and shape public discourse. Key strategies include: > > 1. **Rallies and Mass Gatherings**: Trump's rallies serve as platforms to energize supporters, disseminate his messages, and foster a sense of community among attendees. These events often feature emotionally charged rhetoric, reinforcing loyalty and collective identity. [en.wikipedia.org](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trumpism?utm_source=chatgpt.com) > > 2. **Media Manipulation and Propaganda**: Trump has been adept at using media to his advantage, often employing tactics that mirror classic authoritarian propaganda techniques. This includes the repetition of falsehoods, creating a narrative that resonates with his supporters and undermines trust in traditional media sources. [truthout.org](https://truthout.org/articles/the-big-lie-how-trump-uses-classic-authoritarian-propaganda-techniques/?utm_source=chatgpt.com) > > 3. **Social Media Engagement**: Utilizing platforms like Twitter, Trump has directly communicated with millions, bypassing traditional media filters. His online presence has been instrumental in mobilizing supporters and spreading his messages rapidly. [digitalcommons.pace.edu](https://digitalcommons.pace.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1247&context=honorscollege_theses&utm_source=chatgpt.com) > > 4. **Cultivation of a Loyal Base**: Through consistent messaging and appeals to shared grievances, Trump has built a dedicated following that remains responsive to his calls for action. This base has been mobilized for various political activities, including protests and voting drives. [time.com](https://time.com/7071851/trump-campaign-strategy-division/?utm_source=chatgpt.com) > > 5. **Use of Conspiracy Theories**: Trump has propagated conspiracy theories to delegitimize opponents and galvanize his supporters. This strategy fosters a sense of urgency and justifies actions taken in support of his agenda. [time.com](https://time.com/7071851/trump-campaign-strategy-division/?utm_source=chatgpt.com) > > These methods have been central to Trump's approach in mobilizing mass support and influencing public opinion through targeted propaganda efforts. [[Hallmarks of Fascism#The List|Back to Hallmarks]] --- ## **Anti-Democratic and Anti-Liberalism** > [!WARNING] **THREAT!** > Former President Donald Trump's actions and rhetoric have exhibited anti-democratic and anti-liberal tendencies, raising concerns about the erosion of democratic norms and liberal principles in the United States. Key areas where his conduct has reinforced these tendencies include: > > 1. **Disregard for Constitutional Norms**: Trump's recent executive actions have elicited strong condemnation from legal experts and scholars, who claim he has shown unprecedented disregard for the U.S. Constitution and federal laws. His rapid series of controversial moves include banning birthright citizenship, firing 18 inspectors general without the required notification to Congress, freezing federal spending, and dismissing confirmed members of independent federal boards. Laurence Tribe from Harvard Law School describes Trump's actions as a "blitzkrieg on the law and the constitution," aimed at overwhelming opponents through their frequency and impact. [theguardian.com](https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2025/feb/01/trump-executive-orders-constitution-law?utm_source=chatgpt.com) > > 2. **Erosion of Democratic Institutions**: Upon returning to office, Trump enacted a series of executive orders targeting undocumented immigrants, canceling federal diversity programs, and removing anti-corruption inspectors. These actions were perceived as a power grab from Congress, with legal challenges forcing some strategies to retreat. Experts warn that Trump's aggressive approach could result in significant long-term changes to the structure and independence of the U.S. government. [theguardian.com](https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2025/feb/01/trump-executive-order-power-grab?utm_source=chatgpt.com) > > 3. **Undermining Liberal Education**: Trump has pledged to terminate the Department of Education, claiming it has been infiltrated by "radical zealots and Marxists," but also pledged to exert influence over local school districts and universities by giving funding preference to schools that abolish teacher tenure, adopt merit pay, and allow the direct election of school principals by parents. He has also stated his intention to promote prayer in public schools and to fight for "patriotic education" that will "teach students to love their country." [en.wikipedia.org](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_2024_presidential_campaign?utm_source=chatgpt.com) > > 4. **Suppression of Dissent**: The administration's actions, such as the dismissal of inspectors general and the freezing of federal spending, have been viewed as attempts to suppress dissent and consolidate power. These moves have disrupted essential services nationwide and faced immediate legal challenges, leading to concerns about the erosion of constitutional norms and the rule of law in the U.S. [theguardian.com](https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2025/feb/01/trump-executive-orders-constitution-law?utm_source=chatgpt.com) > > These actions collectively represent a significant departure from established democratic norms and liberal principles, raising alarms about the potential erosion of democracy and individual freedoms within the United States. [[Hallmarks of Fascism#The List|Back to Hallmarks]] --- ## **Scapegoating and Persecution** > [!WARNING] **THREAT!** > Former President Donald Trump's rhetoric and policies have frequently involved scapegoating and persecution, particularly targeting immigrants and marginalized communities. Key examples include: > > 1. **Scapegoating Immigrants**: Trump has consistently blamed immigrants for various societal issues, portraying them as responsible for crime and economic problems. This narrative has been a central theme in his political messaging, contributing to increased xenophobia and anti-immigrant sentiment. [hrw.org](https://www.hrw.org/news/2017/07/27/trumps-dangerous-scapegoating-immigrants?utm_source=chatgpt.com) > > 2. **Targeting Specific Immigrant Groups**: In 2024, Trump and his allies falsely accused Haitian immigrants in Springfield, Ohio, of behaviors such as eating pets, tapping into longstanding racist tropes. These unfounded claims served to stoke fear and justify discriminatory policies against Haitian communities. [foreignpolicy.com](https://foreignpolicy.com/2024/09/17/haitians-eating-pets-false-claims-springfield-trump-vance-us-election-history/?utm_source=chatgpt.com) > > 3. **Executive Actions Against Refugees**: Trump's executive orders have targeted refugees fleeing war and persecution, effectively scapegoating some of the world's most vulnerable populations. These actions have been criticized for undermining America's tradition of offering refuge to those in need. [larsen.house.gov](https://larsen.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=1758&utm_source=chatgpt.com) > > 4. **Rhetoric Leading to Persecution**: Trump's use of dehumanizing language and false equivalencies has been linked to increased violence and discrimination against targeted groups. His rhetoric has been described as employing fearmongering about immigrants and minorities, contributing to a climate of hostility and persecution. [en.wikipedia.org](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhetoric_of_Donald_Trump?utm_source=chatgpt.com) > > These actions and statements have reinforced patterns of scapegoating and persecution, contributing to societal divisions and undermining principles of equality and justice. [[Hallmarks of Fascism#The List|Back to Hallmarks]] --- ## **Social Hierarchy and Traditionalism** > [!WARNING] **THREAT!** > Former President Donald Trump's actions and policies have reinforced social hierarchy and traditionalism through several key initiatives: > > 1. **Dismantling Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (DEI) Programs**: In his second term, Trump has issued executive orders to eliminate DEI initiatives across federal agencies. This includes directives to remove gender pronouns from email signatures and official communications, and to designate bathrooms based on biological sex. Such measures aim to reestablish traditional norms and hierarchies within government institutions. [wsj.com](https://www.wsj.com/politics/policy/fight-against-dei-dominates-start-of-trumps-second-term-fea62a30?utm_source=chatgpt.com) > > 2. **Opposition to Gender Ideology in Education**: Trump signed an executive order titled "Ending Radical Indoctrination in K-12 Schooling," which seeks to remove federal funding from schools promoting gender and critical race theories. This move is intended to uphold traditional gender roles and perspectives in educational curricula. [nypost.com](https://nypost.com/2025/01/31/us-news/christian-teacher-fired-over-trans-policy-celebrates-trump-order-targeting-gender-ideology-in-schools/?utm_source=chatgpt.com) > > 3. **Promotion of Traditional Masculinity**: Trump's rhetoric often emphasizes traditional masculine traits, such as toughness and dominance. This focus appeals to supporters who favor conventional gender roles and social hierarchies. [en.wikipedia.org](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trumpism?utm_source=chatgpt.com) > > 4. **Advocacy for Christian Nationalism**: Trump has aligned himself with Christian nationalist ideals, promoting policies that reflect traditional religious values. This includes opposition to abortion and support for religious expressions in public spaces, reinforcing traditional social structures. [contendingmodernities.nd.edu](https://contendingmodernities.nd.edu/global-currents/religion-politics-and-trumps-christian-nationalism/?utm_source=chatgpt.com) > > Through these actions, Trump has actively worked to reinforce traditional social hierarchies and norms, appealing to constituents who support conventional structures and values. [[Hallmarks of Fascism#The List|Back to Hallmarks]] Updated February 19, 2025